Arthrography - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

26 April 2025

All you need to know about arthritis - causes, signs, varieties and diagnostic methods - will help you detect the disease in the early stages. And effective treatment methods will allow you to get rid of this disease. Article is typical of people over 40 years of age. However, impartial statistics have been showing in recent decades a tendency to rejuvenate men and women aged 30-35 have begun to suffer. Pain in the joints of the feet and bones

Pain in the joints of the feet and bones

What is arthritis? Arthritis is a chronic disease of the joints accompanied by pathological changes in the vitreous cartilage and then to neighboring tissues, a joint capsule and a synovial shell. The defeat is a dystrophic and degenerative nature, which leads to a change in the structure of articular tissues, the loss of their functionality. According to the data of the same statistics, arthritis is subject to 12% of the total population of the planet. From 62% to 65% of all episodes of the disease fall to people over 60 years. Another 30-35% of cases of joint damage to this pathology are in patients aged 40-60 years. And about 3% are young aged 20-40 years.The risk of joint disease is manifested by the fact that it is practically not fully cured. Although when diagnosing the pathology in the early phase of evolution, it helps maintain joint functionality.Most of the time, cases of joint damage are diagnosed in such joints:Carpal joints;Cervical and lumbar spine.knee link;Hip link;shoulder joint;ankle joint; Metatarsophalangeal Joint. The disease is more typical of the female population - representatives of the female half of the population suffer from this pathology more often at an older age. The articulation of the interface appears in women 10 times more often than in the male population. Leg arthritis

The possible consequences of the articulation With timely treatment, the disease manifests with less developmental intensity and, therefore, an attitude of degenerative and dystrophic changes. This means that early surgical or therapeutic intervention allows you to maintain the functionality of the ligament, normal gait and eliminate pain.At the same time, tightening with treatment leads to frequent and steady aches, bloating, swelling of the joint. Progressive pathological changes in tissues deprive the joint of its usual functionality. In a short period of time, in the absence of competent treatment, arthritis flows quickly in a chronic form. Such consequences cause the need for continuous medical observation and regular treatment of the disease during periods of deterioration.In order to avoid the consequences and complications with the first suspicions of its development, you should contact medical experts. In the early phases of the development of joint articulation treatment, a rheumatologist is involved in treatment. In chronic form, the treatment of this pathology is performed by an orthopedic traumatic.Articulation This joint pathology has various forms and varieties that differ in such criteria:Causes (primary and secondary form). Stages of the articulation (three stages of evolution are classified).Identifying the pathology (a place of manifestation of the disease and the type of joint);Form of detection (generalized and local form);The course of the disease (acute or chronic). At the scene of the symptoms, hip, knee, cystic, elbow, shoulder, ankle, cervical articulation are distinguished.According to the causal points, the pathologies of the primary nature are classified, developed by themselves without any condition and a secondary disease. In the latter case, joint damage occurs due to the development of infectious diseases in adjacent tissues, mechanical disorders, loss of normal joint functionality, as well as as a result of progressive inflammatory process, hypothermia, injury or other factors. Lameness

Sorting in the form of tracking includes local and generalized joint damage. In the first case, the disease and its symptoms cover a small portion of the joint or individual tissues and ingredients. In a generalized form, several joints or one of them are affected by full coverage of all tissue joints.In different stages of the progression of the disease there is a different degree of tension. At the same time, symptoms and complications can express more or less dynamic leakage of the fabric destruction process and reduced joint function.Depending on the course of the article, they discern:acute shape.chronic form. The acute form is usually manifested by increased intensity of the growth of symptoms and their severity. Painful sensations appear more intense and morphological changes in tissues are moving more dynamically. In a chronic form, the course of the disease is too late, manifested by separate signs during exacerbation periods and is virtually not subject to treatment. Degree of illness During the disease, medicine distinguishes three stages that have differences in the signs of the disease, the intensity of damage and detection. At the same time, the distinction in all three stages is related to the types of fabrics suffering from pathological changes.The first degree of development of joint joints is the initial phase of the disease. It is characterized by a slight damage to the cartilage tissue and the loss of normal functions in collagen fibers. At the same time, in the first stage, small morphological disorders of the bone tissue and structural changes in the synovial fluid are observed. The cartilage of the joint is covered with cracks, the patient has slight pain in the place of traction of the pathology.The second degree is the development of arthritis with an increase in dynamics. This stage is characterized by the appearance of constant pain, Chroma. Noticeable morphological and dystrophic cartilage cartridges are noted during the diagnosis, bone increases are revealed. The osteophysts are formed - the growing bones that are visible during a visual examination of the destruction area. At the same time, the processes of degenerative changes in the articular capsule appear, leading to its structural exhaustion. The disease at this stage can often worsen and be regular. Pain is gradually stable. The third degree is an active development. At this stage, the synovial fluid is almost completely absence due to its degeneration and the bone tissues abruptly. The mobility of the joints is almost completely absence, the pain becomes more tangible. The cartilage tissue is also absent due to degenerative and atrophic changes. The treatment of the third degree of joints of the joints is considered a non -practice.

In addition to these three degrees of pathology, there is a final stage - irrevocable destruction of all tissue joints. At this stage, it is impossible not only to perform productive treatment, but even to remove the pain syndrome.The inflammatory process usually begins with a second degree of damage, in rare cases, in the absence of medical intervention - in the first stage. Then it becomes more difficult to stop it, and this can lead to secondary pathologies, the development of pathogenic microflora in place of the detection of the disease.To exclude the serious consequences, treatment must start from the first degree and the use of intensive care methods. In the last stage associated with complete destruction of cartilage tissue, only one methodology is allowed to drive the patient by the pain and immobility of the joint - intra -adolescent with complete or partial replacement of the components of the joint.Causes of the disease The reasons can be primary and secondary factors. In the elderly, the disease can occur with mixed etiology, that is, in the presence of primary and secondary causes. Their complex manifestation exacerbates the course of the articles and reduces the dynamics of the recovery. The main cause of most types of this pathology is a violation of metabolism. Changing metabolic processes lead to morphological abnormalities in cartilage and synovial fluid. As a result, the changes are associated with the entire joint and are often accompanied by the origin of inflammatory local outbreaks.In addition to metabolic pathologies, the causes of joint articles are:Traumatic injury to individual tissues or the entire joint. This includes outbreaks, fractures, ligaments, meniscus rupture, penetrating wounds. This is more common in people involved in sports or whose activities are related to dangerous working conditions and physical activity.An inflammatory process is a factor that often acts as a secondary reason. Inflammation usually develops in patients suffering from gout, psoriasis, rheumatic abnormalities, autoimmune pathologies. Joints of the joint are subject to patients at the stage of deteriorating infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, chlamydia, staphylococcus and other contagious diseases.The consequences of the aggressive form of respiratory diseases - flu, acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections.The increased body weight of the patient - with a disproportionate load on the joints of his tissues, suffers steady mechanical results, which leads to morphological divergences and destruction of cartilage structure.Excessive hypothermia that leads to the destruction of cartilage integrity and the loss of the structure of the synovial fluid. Thyroid diseases.

A special place in the etiology of the article is a genetic factor. It is the genetic abnormality that is able to cause tissue joint malformation and the disorder of the normal functions of collagen fibers, responsible for the flexibility and mobility of the joint.At the same time, other factors are the reasons for the development of this pathology: deficiency of vitamins, poisoning due to the quality of intake or overdose of drugs, the patient's old age, the pathological processes of blood and blood flow, and blood flow.The development mechanism of the disease When some of the causes that cause articular disease occur with arthritis, pathological processes begin to develop. The mechanism of their evolution is not fully studied, but the main stages of official medicine are known.At the initial stage, the structure of the cartilage tissue and abnormal changes in the synovial fluid appear. All of these revenue due to violations of metabolic processes in which the joints do not receive the necessary ingredients in sufficient quantities or deprived of some of them.Subsequently, the elasticity of collagen fibers and the flexibility of the cartilage is lost, due to the fact that in the body, with a lack of nutrients, hyaluronic acid has no time to produce, which provides the softness and flexibility of the structural composition of collagen fiber. The cartilage gradually dries, becomes fragile and cracks. The liquid in the articular capsule is gradually exhausted and then disappears completely. On the cartilage fabric, they are formed by the neoplasms of the solid bones. At the same time, the deformation of other tissue joints, pathological degeneration, dystrophy and loss of normal activity develops.For the patient, these changes mean the appearance of pain, maturation and hinge of the joint.Articulation The signs of the joints of the joints appear from its first degree, although sometimes they are not so intense. Characteristics for all stages of articulation are:

pain syndrome;Crisp sounds when they move.inactivity or complete reduction in joint mobility;swelling;Configuration of the joint. PainPain usually occurs during movement. With intense physical activity, the painful sensations intensify and have a persistent trend. With all types of joints, each place of location, the pain is sharp.In the initial phase, the pain is weakly expressed, more often occurring the day. Usually the pain is in the short term and recedes into a state of rest. In chronic form and intense development of the acute form of pain, the pain syndrome is more common, has an increased manifestation period, often bothering even at night.